Bifidobacterium is a genus of probiotic bacteria primarily found in the large intestine.
The Bifidobacterium genus includes many different bacterial strains. A genus is a “family” of similar bacteria, and within the Bifidobacterium genus there are several species, such as Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and others. Each Bifidobacterium species contains various strains, each with specific properties and functions in the body.
The functions of the Bifidobacterium genus are diverse and unique, depending on the particular strain that has been studied and shown to have beneficial effects. For example, certain strains of Bifidobacterium lactis are known to improve bowel function, support transit time and digestive health, and boost immune function. Bifidobacterium breve strains may help alleviate allergic and skin symptoms, while Bifidobacterium infantis has shown potential in reducing mood and behavioral issues.
Bifidobacterium strains have the ability to break down complex carbohydrates in the gut. This fermentation process produces lactic acid, which lowers intestinal pH and helps prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Research has also shown that Bifidobacterium strains tend to enhance overall immunity and are essential for maintaining a healthy digestive tract.
The activity of bifidobacteria allows other species to thrive. Acetate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bifidobacteria, nourishes other bacteria that produce butyrate—another SCFA that feeds the intestinal lining and helps prevent inflammation.
Bifidobacteria are the most dominant bacterial genus in the gut microbiota of infants and are the first to colonize the gut when a baby passes through the birth canal. From birth until around age 3, Bifidobacterium bacteria make up the majority of an infant’s gut microbiota. After this age, the num